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Torque Guidelines
Proper closure torque is critical to the performance of your container. Some familiarity with torque will help you to better understand how your container and closure will perform.
A. Application Torque:
The rotational force with which a closure is applied to a bottle finish during capping. It affects seal integrity and tightness between bottle and closure. Properly established application torque will provide sealing integrity under expected conditions or temperatures, humidity and shock.
B. Removal Torque:
The rotational force with which a threaded closure is removed or unscrewed from a bottle finish. It defines the amount of rotational force necessary to loosen, open, or remove the closure. A properly designed package should have a removal torque range appropriate for its intended use and the consideration of any requirements for child resistant or tamper evident closure needs.
C. Stripping Torque:
The application torque which is sufficient to cause the closure and/or bottle finish to distort and override the matching closure/bottle threads, resulting in loose caps, no seal, or package component deformation.
D. Torque Values:
Torque is defined in inch-pounds or Newton-meters and is measured by various types of torque meters. Specific methods for performing torque tests are defined in Technical Bulletin PBI No. 7. The optimum relationship between applied and removal torques and good sealing characteristics under various physical and environmental conditions must be established for each individual package. Application torque requirements also vary according to the closure size being used.
Range of Torque Values for Closures
Range of hand-applied torque values recommended by various industry sources for line polypropylene closures.
Closure
Size (mm) |
In-Lbs |
Hand Application
Torque*
Newton-Meters |
| 8 |
5 |
0.56 |
| 10 |
6 |
0.68 |
| 13 |
8 |
0.90 |
| 15 |
5 - 9 |
0.56 - 1.00 |
| 18 |
7 - 10 |
0.79 - 1.10 |
| 20 |
8 - 12 |
0.90 - 1.40 |
| 22 |
9 - 14 |
1.00 - 1.60 |
| 24 |
10 - 18 |
1.10 - 2.00 |
| 28 |
12 - 21 |
1.40 - 2.40 |
| 30 |
13 - 23 |
1.50 - 2.60 |
| 33 |
15 - 25 |
1.70 - 2.80 |
| 38 |
17 - 26 |
1.90 - 2.90 |
| 43 |
17 - 27 |
1.90 - 3.10 |
| 45 |
18 - 29 |
1.95 - 3.20 |
| 48 |
19 - 30 |
2.10 - 3.40 |
| 53 |
21 - 36 |
2.40 - 4.10 |
| 58 |
23 - 40 |
2.60 - 4.50 |
| 63 |
25 - 43 |
2.80 - 4.90 |
| 66 |
26 - 45 |
2.90 - 5.10 |
| 70 |
28 - 50 |
3.20 - 5.60 |
| 83 |
32 - 65 |
3.60 - 7.30 |
| 86 |
40 - 65 |
4.50 - 7.30 |
| 89 |
40 - 70 |
4.50 - 7.90 |
| 100 |
45 - 70 |
5.10 - 7.90 |
| 110 |
45 - 70 |
5.10 - 7.90 |
| 120 |
55 - 95 |
6.20 - 10.70 |
| 132 |
60 - 95 |
6.80 - 10.70 |
* Note: Immediate removal torque values are approximately 40-60% of the hand application toque values. Production capping equipment should be adjusted to provide similar immediate removal torque values.
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